I dispute #2 , but will say there are also other factors. Knowing what to work towards, how to work towards it, and actually putting out the work are all important. So #2 is important, but not not enough on its own.

At the bottom, we have people who will work, but not work efficiently (towards a financial goal in this context - they might be extremely efficient at toilet swabbing) who never make a dime. At the very top we have trust fund babies who never work a day and have riches. Hard work in itself is obviously not a sole factor.. but it still serves as an important catalyst.

People can and do work their way out of poverty all the time. Often times poverty is self inflicted. But not all the time. Too many people want to make it a black and white issue, which precludes doing the real work of actually figuring out how to deal with it in reality as opposed to dealing with it in campaign slogans.

For who could be free when every other man's humour might domineer over him? - John Locke (2nd Treatise, sect 57)